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reader是什么意思(spreader是什么意思)

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Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

Section B

1.junk un.无用的东西;无价值的东西

He threw away all the junk in the

kitchen.

他把厨房所有废旧杂物都扔掉了。

◆ junk food n.垃圾食品

too much junk food太多的垃圾食品

We shouldn't eat junk food。

我们不应该吃垃圾食品。

2.coffee ['kɒfi] n.咖啡

① coffee un.

Would you like a cup of coffee?

你想喝杯咖啡吗?

◆black coffee (不加牛奶的)清咖啡

②coffee cn. 一杯咖啡

pl. coffees

We'll have two teas and one coffee.

我们要两杯茶,一杯咖啡。

3.health [helθ] n.健康;人的身体

或神状态

health→healthy→healthily

①health un.

Junk food is bad for our health.

垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。

Health is more important than

wealth.

健康比财富更重要。

◆ in good health 身体健康

He is in good health. 他身体健康。

◆in bad/poor health 身体不健康

keep in good health

=keep healthy 保持身体健康

②healthy adj.健康的

同义词:fit adj. 健康的

比较级,最高级:healthier healthiest

可作定语、表语、宾补。

◆作定语

a healthy baby 健康的婴孩

healthy food 健康的食物

healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式

have a healthy eating habit

有健康的饮食习惯

eat a healthy breakfast

吃健康的早餐

◆作表语

be healthy 是健康的

keep/stay healthy

=keep fit 保持身体健康

It is very important for us to

keep healthy.

保持身体健康对我们很重要。

◆作宾补

keep sb. healthy

让某人保持身体健康

keep us healthy

让我们保持身体健康

Do you know the ways to keep

us healthy?

你知道让我们保持身体健康的方

法吗?

③ healthily adv. 健康地

修饰行为动词,作状语。

比较级、最高级:more/most

healthily

◆ live healthily生活得健康

【注意】下面两个短语:

◆eat healthily 健康饮食

动词短语,可作谓语。

We should eat healthily.

我们应该健康饮食。

◆healthy eating 健康的饮食

名词短语,可作主语、表语、宾语等。

Healthy eating is very important

for us in our daily life.

健康饮食在我们的日常生活中非常

重要。

4.result [rɪ'zʌlt] .结果;后果

result cn. pl. results

◆the result of ……的结果

The teacher told us the result of

the survey.

老师告诉了我们调查结果。

◆ as a result 结果

只能用a。

He had some bad meat. As a

result, he felt sick.

他吃了些坏肉,结果感到不舒服。

◆as a/the result of

=because of 由于……的结果

后接n./pron./doing,此用法用a

或the 均可。

He was late as a/the result of

the heavy rain.

=He was late because of the

heavy rain.

由于下大雨,他迟到了。

5.percent [pə'sent] n.(=per cent)

百分之...

◆percent是可数名词,但通常用单

数形式。与数词连用时,数词应置

于percent之前。

◆基数词+percent of...作主语时, of

后接不可数名词,谓语动词用单数

形式; of后接可数名 词复数或代词

宾格复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。

Forty percent of them/us/you are

from China.

他们/我们/你们中百分之四十来自

中国。

Fifty percent of the students use

the Internet every day.

百分之五十的学生每天都上网。

Sixty percent of the tea is produced

in the south.

60%的茶叶产自南方。

◆同义句,注意疑问词。

What percent of the students use

the Internet every day?

=How many percent of the students

use the Internet every day?

百分之几的学生每天使用互联网?

6.online [ˌɒn'laɪn] adj.&adv.在线(的);

联网(的)

① online adj. 在线的;联网的

online shopping 网上购物

online chatting 网上聊天

online education 在线教育;网上

教育;

play online games玩网络游戏

He is online the whole day.

他整天挂在网上。

②online adv. 在线;联网

He likes reading online.

他喜欢网上阅读。

He likes going/getting online.

他喜欢上网。

He likes shopping online(adv.).

=He likes online(adj.)shopping.

他喜欢网上购物。

7.television ['telɪvɪʒn] n.电视节目;

电视机

TV is short for television.

TV是television的缩写形式。

◆watch TV=watch television 看电视

8.although [ɔːl'ðəʊ] conj.虽然;

尽管;即使

although引导让步状语从句。

该从句不能像中文“虽然…但是…”

一样,组成 although…but…。

即although从句不能与并列连词but

连用,although和but只能用其中

一个。

◆同义句转换

Although he is busy, he tries to

help us.

=He is busy, but he tries to help us.

他尽管他很忙,他还是尽力帮助

我们。

【辨析】although/though

①用作连词,表示“虽然;尽管;

即使”,二者可互换,但although

比though更为正式。

Though/Although he lives alone,

he is happy.

=He lives alone, but he is happy.

=He is happy though/although he

lives alone.

虽然他一个人住,但他很快乐。

②though可作副词, 意为“可是,

不过”。

置于句末(不放在句首),其前常

有逗号;而although一般不用作副

词。

It's hard work,I enjoy it, though.

这是苦差事,可我喜欢。

③在even though(即使,纵然)固定

短语中, 不能用although代替

though。

Even though it was snowing,he

went to buy bread

尽管在下雪,他还是去买面包了。

9.through [θruː] prep.以;凭借;穿过

①through prep.以;凭借

◆through+n./pron./doing

The best way to relax is through

exercise.

最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。

We get a lot of information

through the Internet.

我们通过互联网得到很多信息。

◆through doing=by doing

He learned to cook through/by

watching his father in the ketchen.

他通过在厨房观察父亲做饭来学

习烹饪。

②through prep.穿过

【辨析】across 、through、past

①across prep.过;穿过;横过

指从物体表面的一边“横过”到另

一边;含义与on有关。

across the road/street/bridge/

river/square

穿过马路/大街/桥/河/广场

② through prep.穿过;从…中穿过

指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头;含

义与in有关。

through the forest/woods/window

/gate/doorhpark/crowd/village

穿过森林/树林/窗户/大门口/门口/公

园/人群/村庄

They walked through the park

together. 他们一起步行穿过公园。

③past prep.& adv.经过;路过

指从旁边经过或路过。

go past the bank

=pass the bank 路过银行

He walked past quickly and didn't

say hello to us.

他快速走过去,没有向我们打招呼。

10.mind [maɪnd] .头脑;心智

◆change one's mind 改变想法

◆in one's mind 在某人心里,在某人

脑海里

You are the best in my mind.

在我心目中你是最棒的。

◆keep …in mind 牢记;记住

Please keep them in mind.

请把它们牢牢记住。

【拓展】mind v. 介意

① Never mind . 不介意。

用来回答sorry。

②mind doing

Would you mind closing the door?

你介意把门关上吗?

11.body ['bɒdi] n.身体

body cn. pl. bodies

①表示与精神(mind)相对的“身体"。

His body is old, but his mind

is young.

他身体虽然老了,但心还很年轻。

◆body and mind

reader是什么意思(spreader是什么意思)

或mind and body 身心

Exercise is good for our mind and

our body.

锻炼对我们的头脑和身体都有好处。

②侧重指躯体、躯干等的“身体"。

keep our body warm 保持身体暖和

Everyone wants to have a healthy

body。

每个人都想拥有健康的身体。

12.such [sʌtʃ] adj.& pron.这样的;

那样的;类似的

such as例如;像…这样

表示举例,后接名词、代词、动名词。

即:such as+n./pron./doing

注意:

◆ 名词+such as+例子

I like fruit, such as apples, oranges

and grapes.

我喜欢水果,如苹果、桔子和葡萄。

◆也可为“such+名词+as+例子”。

I like such fruit as apples, oranges

and grapes.

我喜欢苹果、桔子和葡萄等水果。

◆若such as后接动词,通常用动名

词。

I like sports, such as running and

playing volleyball.

我喜欢运动,比如跑步和打排球。

◆不可按汉语意思将such as 用作such

like。

He is not such a fool as he looks.

他并不像他看起来那么傻。

◆such as 是不完全列举,其后不可

列出前面所提过的所有东西。

正:I know four languages, such as

French and English.

我懂四种语言,如法语、英语。

误:I know four languages, such as

Chinese, French, Japanese and

English.

【辨析】so…that与such…that

如此…以至于…

that后都接从句,so…that与such…

that的区别,其实就是so与such的区

别。

so 和such词性不同。such是形容词,

修饰名词;so是副词,修饰形容词或

副词。

①so…that

◆so+adj./adv. + that + 从句

This book is so interesting that

I have read three times.

这本书如此有趣以至于我读了三遍。

He spoke so quickly that I couldn't

understand him.

他说得如此快以至于我不明白他。

◆so+many/few+复数名词+that

so+much/little+不可数名词+that

There are so many people in the

park that it's hard for me to find

him 。

公园里有那么多人,我很难找到他.

He had so little money that he

spent his days at home.

他没什么钱,以至于整天呆在家里。

◆so+adj.+a/an+单数名词+that+从句

She is so lovely a girl that everyone

loves her.

她是如此可爱的一个女孩,以至于大

家都喜欢她。

② such…that…如此…以至于…

◆such+adj.+复数名词+that+从句

◆such+adj.+不可数名词+that+从句

◆such+a/an+adj.+单数名词+that+从

They are such kind people that we

all like them.

他们是那么善良的人以至于我们都

喜欢他们。

It is such fine weather that we

all want to go hiking.

天气这么好,我们都想去远足。

She is such a lovely girl that

everyone loves her.

她是如此可爱的一个女孩,以至每

个人都喜欢她。

【注意】

①such能直接修饰名词。

◆such+a/an+单数名词

◆such+复数名词

◆such+不可数名词

such a thing这样的事

such a man这样一个人

such things 诸如此类的事情

such tea 那样的茶

How can you make such tea?

你怎么能制成那样的茶?

②上述用法中,

so+adj.+a/an+单数名词

=such+a/an+adj.+单数名词

注意冠词位置。

She is so good a girl.

=She is such a good girl.

她是那么好的女孩。

reader是什么意思(spreader是什么意思)

That is so old a house.

= That is such an old house.

那是一栋如此古老的房子。

13.together [tə'ɡeðə(r)] adv.在一起;

共同

◆修饰行为动词及其短语,置于其后。

act together共同行动

live together一起生活

play together一起玩耍

spend time together共度时光

work together一起工作

go home together 一起回家

get together 聚在一起;相聚

Let's go home together.

咱们一起回家吧。

Every weekend they get together

to have a big meal.

每周末他们聚在一起吃一顿大餐。

◆A together with B 与…一样

如果此短语出现在主语后面,谓语动

词的人称和 数只能和A保持一致,与

B无关。

Tom,together with his mother is

cooking in the kitchen.

汤姆和他妈妈正在厨房做饭。

14.die [daɪ] v.消失;灭亡 ;死亡

◆ Old habits die hard.旧习难改。

此句为英语中的一句谚语。

◆ die是短暂性动词,不能和时间段

连用。常用于过 去时中,过去式为

died。

Plants and people will die without

water.

没有水,植物和人都会死。

His grandfather died in 1990.

他的祖父1990年去世。

【拓展】die v.→ dead adj.→death

n.→dying adj.

①dead adj. 死的

作表语,定语。

be dead 能与时间段连用。

He has been dead for ten years.

他死了10年了。

She looked at her dead dog sadly.

伤心地看着她死去的猫狗。

② dying adj. 将死的

This is a dying dog.

这是一只垂死的狗。

The doctors have saved the dying

man.

医生们救活了那个垂死的人。

③death n.死亡

The accident has caused a lot of

deaths.

那次事故造成很多人死亡。

He gave up studying after his

father's death.

◆the death of… 的死

He won't forget the death of his

dog. 他不会忘记他的狗死了。

15.writer ['raɪtə(r)] n.作者;作家

①英语中,很多“动词+er”,变成名

词,即执行这个动作的人,如:

teach(v.教)→teacher(n.教师)

work (v.工作)→worker(n.工人)

cleaner清洁工; famer农民;

singer 歌手;reader 读者;

listener 听者;speaker 演讲者,说话的人;

climber 攀登者; painter 画家;

killer杀手; murderer谋杀犯;

thinker 思想家

②以e结尾的动词,只加r,变成执行这

个动作的人,如:

write (v.写)→writer (n.作者,作家,写

字的人)

driver 司机 ;dancer 舞者;organizer

组织者 ;maker生产者,制订者

③ 双写词尾辅音字母,再加er,变成执

行这个动作的人,如:

winner 获胜者; runner 跑步者

④但是有些动词+er,变成的名词是表

示某事物。

◆ cooker n.“ 厨具”;“厨师”是

cook。

◆drawer n. “抽屉”;“画家”是

painter,artist。

◆laughter n.“笑,笑声”;不是

“发出笑声的人”。

◆bread maker“ 面包机”,不是

“烤面包的人”。

◆CD player CD “播放机”,

player有两个中文意思:队员;播

放机。

16.dentist ['dentɪst] n.牙科医生

cn. pl. dentists

see a dentist 看牙医

go to the dentist 去看牙医

17.magazine ['mæɡəziːn] n.杂志;

期刊

cn. pl. magazines

在书/杂志上,指书上的内容时,

用in。

in the magazine在杂志上

in the notebook 在笔记本上

in the textbook 在教材中

in the book 在书中

18.however [haʊ'evə(r)] adv.然而;

不过

【辨析】however和 but “可是,

但是”

意思相同,用法不同。

however比but用的场合更正式, 因

此however 用于书面语,而but 常用

于口语。

①however 是副词,不是连词,不能

直接连接两 个分句,必须另起新句,

并用逗号隔开。位置灵活:句首、句

中、句尾。

He is poor now.However,when he

was young he is rich in this town.

他是一个穷人。 然而,他在年轻的时

候在这个小镇很富有。

Money, however, is not everything.

然而,金钱并不是一切。

There is a big problem, however.

然而,有一个大问题。

②but是并列连词,连接两个互相对

比的并列分句,一般后面不用逗号

He likes coffee, but I really don't

like it.

他喜欢咖啡,但是我实在是不喜欢。

③另外, however还有“无论怎样,不

管如何”之意。but有“除了”之意。

However hard I worked, she was

never unhappy.

无论我多么努力地工作,她从来没

满意过。

There is nothing but a card in the

box.

盒子里除了一张卡片什么也没有。

19.than [ðən] conj.(用以引出比较的

第二部分) 比

◆用于比较级句型。

You are taller than him. 你比他高。

◆用于短语。

more than多于

less than 少于

more than/less than+ 基数词+复数名

more than/less than six days

20.almost ['ɔːlməʊst] adv.几乎;差

不多

①almost是常用的程度副词,可修饰动

词、形容词、副词、名词、代词、数

词或介词等。

②almost常置于被修饰词之前。修饰

动词时一般 置于主要动词之前,但要

放在系动词、助动词和 情态动词之

后。almost不能置于句末。

He waited for you for almost two

hours. 他等了你差不多两个小时。

I almost believe him.

我差点儿相信了他发。

He is almost eighty.

他将近80岁了。

③almost可与no, none, nobody,

nothing, never等否定词连用.

◆almost no one

Almost no one believed him.

几乎没人相信他的话。

④almost 常与every,any连用。

almost every day

almost everyone

almost every one

almost everything

almost anyone

Almost every family has a computer.

几乎每个家庭都有一台电脑。

21.none [nʌn] pron.没有一个;毫无

【辨析】none和 no one

①none既指人也指物,反义词是all;

而no one 只可指人。

②none 指代复数名词或代词宾格复数

作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可

用复数,多用单数。none指代不可数

名词时,谓语动词只可用 单数。

而no one作主语时,谓语动词只能用单

数形式。

③none与of连用

后接名词复数、不可数名词或代词宾

格复数. 而no one不能与of连用。

none of+us/you/them

none of+限制词+un.

none of+限制词+cn.

None of us is/are late.

None of the students has/have a

computer.

None of the money is mine.

④none用来回答how many +n., how

much +n. 以及含any+n. 的疑问句;

而no one可回答who及含anyone,

anybody的疑问句。

A: How many books are there on the

desk?

B: None.

桌子上有几本书?一本也没有。

A:Who is in that room?

B:No one. 谁在房间里?没有人。

【拓展】nobody

① nobody不定代词,“没有人”

nobody=no one

◆no one 更正式,nobody 口语中

◆两者均只能指人,不指物。

◆其后不接of短语。

◆作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

◆用来回答who,及含anyone,anybody

的疑问句。

No one/Nobody likes him。

没人喜欢他。

I knew nobody at the party.

在聚会上,我一个人都不认识。

No one/Nobody knows.

谁也不知道。

—Who is in the classroom?

—No one/Nobody.

—Is there anyone in the room?

—No one/Nobody.

◆ nobody=not…anybody

I know nobody here.

=I don't know anybody here.

我在这儿谁也不认识。

② nobody cn.小人物 pl. nobodies

They aren't afraid of a nobody like

you.

他们不害怕想你这样的小人物。

Only a few nobodies went to the

meeting.

只有几个无名小卒参加了会议。

22.less [les] adj.较少;较小

little的比较级、最高级:less least

◆less +un.

He has less free time than me.

◆less than少于

less than+ 基数词+可数名词

less than two hours

23.point [pɔɪnt] n.得分;点 v. 指;

指向

①point n.得分 cn. pl. points

◆ get 90 points 得90分

②point [pɔɪnt] n.点

◆指小数点,用单数形式。

4.23 读作 four point two three

23.4 读作 twenty-three point four

◆指要点

language points 语言点

important points 重点

difficult points 难点

③ point v. 指;指向

◆point at 指着

指向离说话人较近的事物,at是介词,

着重于指的对象.

Don't point at others with your

finger while talking .

说话时不要用手指着别人。

◆point to 指向

多指向离说话人较远的事物,to是介词,

着重于指的方向.

He pointed to the trees on the hill

and said,“They were planted two

years ago.”

他指着山上的树说:“两年前种的。”

注意:一般情况下point at和point

to可互换。

The teacher is pointing at/to the

map on the wall.

老师正指着墙上的地图。

但事物名词作主语时,用point to要常

见些.

Both the hour hand and the

minute hand point to twelve.It

was noon.

时针和分针都指向十二点,那是

中午。

◆point out 指出

The teacher pointed out many

mistakes in my homework.

老师指出我作业里的许多错误。

Claire 克莱尔

Sue 苏

American Teenager 《美国青少年》

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