Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
Section B
1.junk un.无用的东西;无价值的东西
He threw away all the junk in the
kitchen.
他把厨房所有废旧杂物都扔掉了。
◆ junk food n.垃圾食品
too much junk food太多的垃圾食品
We shouldn't eat junk food。
我们不应该吃垃圾食品。
2.coffee ['kɒfi] n.咖啡
① coffee un.
Would you like a cup of coffee?
你想喝杯咖啡吗?
◆black coffee (不加牛奶的)清咖啡
②coffee cn. 一杯咖啡
pl. coffees
We'll have two teas and one coffee.
我们要两杯茶,一杯咖啡。
3.health [helθ] n.健康;人的身体
或神状态
health→healthy→healthily
①health un.
Junk food is bad for our health.
垃圾食品对我们的健康有害。
Health is more important than
wealth.
健康比财富更重要。
◆ in good health 身体健康
He is in good health. 他身体健康。
◆in bad/poor health 身体不健康
keep in good health
=keep healthy 保持身体健康
②healthy adj.健康的
同义词:fit adj. 健康的
比较级,最高级:healthier healthiest
可作定语、表语、宾补。
◆作定语
a healthy baby 健康的婴孩
healthy food 健康的食物
healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式
have a healthy eating habit
有健康的饮食习惯
eat a healthy breakfast
吃健康的早餐
◆作表语
be healthy 是健康的
keep/stay healthy
=keep fit 保持身体健康
It is very important for us to
keep healthy.
保持身体健康对我们很重要。
◆作宾补
keep sb. healthy
让某人保持身体健康
keep us healthy
让我们保持身体健康
Do you know the ways to keep
us healthy?
你知道让我们保持身体健康的方
法吗?
③ healthily adv. 健康地
修饰行为动词,作状语。
比较级、最高级:more/most
healthily
◆ live healthily生活得健康
【注意】下面两个短语:
◆eat healthily 健康饮食
动词短语,可作谓语。
We should eat healthily.
我们应该健康饮食。
◆healthy eating 健康的饮食
名词短语,可作主语、表语、宾语等。
Healthy eating is very important
for us in our daily life.
健康饮食在我们的日常生活中非常
重要。
4.result [rɪ'zʌlt] .结果;后果
result cn. pl. results
◆the result of ……的结果
The teacher told us the result of
the survey.
老师告诉了我们调查结果。
◆ as a result 结果
只能用a。
He had some bad meat. As a
result, he felt sick.
他吃了些坏肉,结果感到不舒服。
◆as a/the result of
=because of 由于……的结果
后接n./pron./doing,此用法用a
或the 均可。
He was late as a/the result of
the heavy rain.
=He was late because of the
heavy rain.
由于下大雨,他迟到了。
5.percent [pə'sent] n.(=per cent)
百分之...
◆percent是可数名词,但通常用单
数形式。与数词连用时,数词应置
于percent之前。
◆基数词+percent of...作主语时, of
后接不可数名词,谓语动词用单数
形式; of后接可数名 词复数或代词
宾格复数,则谓语动词用复数形式。
Forty percent of them/us/you are
from China.
他们/我们/你们中百分之四十来自
中国。
Fifty percent of the students use
the Internet every day.
百分之五十的学生每天都上网。
Sixty percent of the tea is produced
in the south.
60%的茶叶产自南方。
◆同义句,注意疑问词。
What percent of the students use
the Internet every day?
=How many percent of the students
use the Internet every day?
百分之几的学生每天使用互联网?
6.online [ˌɒn'laɪn] adj.&adv.在线(的);
联网(的)
① online adj. 在线的;联网的
online shopping 网上购物
online chatting 网上聊天
online education 在线教育;网上
教育;
play online games玩网络游戏
He is online the whole day.
他整天挂在网上。
②online adv. 在线;联网
He likes reading online.
他喜欢网上阅读。
He likes going/getting online.
他喜欢上网。
He likes shopping online(adv.).
=He likes online(adj.)shopping.
他喜欢网上购物。
7.television ['telɪvɪʒn] n.电视节目;
电视机
TV is short for television.
TV是television的缩写形式。
◆watch TV=watch television 看电视
8.although [ɔːl'ðəʊ] conj.虽然;
尽管;即使
although引导让步状语从句。
该从句不能像中文“虽然…但是…”
一样,组成 although…but…。
即although从句不能与并列连词but
连用,although和but只能用其中
一个。
◆同义句转换
Although he is busy, he tries to
help us.
=He is busy, but he tries to help us.
他尽管他很忙,他还是尽力帮助
我们。
【辨析】although/though
①用作连词,表示“虽然;尽管;
即使”,二者可互换,但although
比though更为正式。
Though/Although he lives alone,
he is happy.
=He lives alone, but he is happy.
=He is happy though/although he
lives alone.
虽然他一个人住,但他很快乐。
②though可作副词, 意为“可是,
不过”。
置于句末(不放在句首),其前常
有逗号;而although一般不用作副
词。
It's hard work,I enjoy it, though.
这是苦差事,可我喜欢。
③在even though(即使,纵然)固定
短语中, 不能用although代替
though。
Even though it was snowing,he
went to buy bread
尽管在下雪,他还是去买面包了。
9.through [θruː] prep.以;凭借;穿过
①through prep.以;凭借
◆through+n./pron./doing
The best way to relax is through
exercise.
最好的放松方式是通过锻炼。
We get a lot of information
through the Internet.
我们通过互联网得到很多信息。
◆through doing=by doing
He learned to cook through/by
watching his father in the ketchen.
他通过在厨房观察父亲做饭来学
习烹饪。
②through prep.穿过
【辨析】across 、through、past
①across prep.过;穿过;横过
指从物体表面的一边“横过”到另
一边;含义与on有关。
across the road/street/bridge/
river/square
穿过马路/大街/桥/河/广场
② through prep.穿过;从…中穿过
指从空间的一头纵穿到另一头;含
义与in有关。
through the forest/woods/window
/gate/doorhpark/crowd/village
穿过森林/树林/窗户/大门口/门口/公
园/人群/村庄
They walked through the park
together. 他们一起步行穿过公园。
③past prep.& adv.经过;路过
指从旁边经过或路过。
go past the bank
=pass the bank 路过银行
He walked past quickly and didn't
say hello to us.
他快速走过去,没有向我们打招呼。
10.mind [maɪnd] .头脑;心智
◆change one's mind 改变想法
◆in one's mind 在某人心里,在某人
脑海里
You are the best in my mind.
在我心目中你是最棒的。
◆keep …in mind 牢记;记住
Please keep them in mind.
请把它们牢牢记住。
【拓展】mind v. 介意
① Never mind . 不介意。
用来回答sorry。
②mind doing
Would you mind closing the door?
你介意把门关上吗?
11.body ['bɒdi] n.身体
body cn. pl. bodies
①表示与精神(mind)相对的“身体"。
His body is old, but his mind
is young.
他身体虽然老了,但心还很年轻。
◆body and mind
或mind and body 身心
Exercise is good for our mind and
our body.
锻炼对我们的头脑和身体都有好处。
②侧重指躯体、躯干等的“身体"。
keep our body warm 保持身体暖和
Everyone wants to have a healthy
body。
每个人都想拥有健康的身体。
12.such [sʌtʃ] adj.& pron.这样的;
那样的;类似的
such as例如;像…这样
表示举例,后接名词、代词、动名词。
即:such as+n./pron./doing
注意:
◆ 名词+such as+例子
I like fruit, such as apples, oranges
and grapes.
我喜欢水果,如苹果、桔子和葡萄。
◆也可为“such+名词+as+例子”。
I like such fruit as apples, oranges
and grapes.
我喜欢苹果、桔子和葡萄等水果。
◆若such as后接动词,通常用动名
词。
I like sports, such as running and
playing volleyball.
我喜欢运动,比如跑步和打排球。
◆不可按汉语意思将such as 用作such
like。
He is not such a fool as he looks.
他并不像他看起来那么傻。
◆such as 是不完全列举,其后不可
列出前面所提过的所有东西。
正:I know four languages, such as
French and English.
我懂四种语言,如法语、英语。
误:I know four languages, such as
Chinese, French, Japanese and
English.
【辨析】so…that与such…that
如此…以至于…
that后都接从句,so…that与such…
that的区别,其实就是so与such的区
别。
so 和such词性不同。such是形容词,
修饰名词;so是副词,修饰形容词或
副词。
①so…that
◆so+adj./adv. + that + 从句
This book is so interesting that
I have read three times.
这本书如此有趣以至于我读了三遍。
He spoke so quickly that I couldn't
understand him.
他说得如此快以至于我不明白他。
◆so+many/few+复数名词+that
so+much/little+不可数名词+that
There are so many people in the
park that it's hard for me to find
him 。
公园里有那么多人,我很难找到他.
He had so little money that he
spent his days at home.
他没什么钱,以至于整天呆在家里。
◆so+adj.+a/an+单数名词+that+从句
She is so lovely a girl that everyone
loves her.
她是如此可爱的一个女孩,以至于大
家都喜欢她。
② such…that…如此…以至于…
◆such+adj.+复数名词+that+从句
◆such+adj.+不可数名词+that+从句
◆such+a/an+adj.+单数名词+that+从
句
They are such kind people that we
all like them.
他们是那么善良的人以至于我们都
喜欢他们。
It is such fine weather that we
all want to go hiking.
天气这么好,我们都想去远足。
She is such a lovely girl that
everyone loves her.
她是如此可爱的一个女孩,以至每
个人都喜欢她。
【注意】
①such能直接修饰名词。
◆such+a/an+单数名词
◆such+复数名词
◆such+不可数名词
such a thing这样的事
such a man这样一个人
such things 诸如此类的事情
such tea 那样的茶
How can you make such tea?
你怎么能制成那样的茶?
②上述用法中,
so+adj.+a/an+单数名词
=such+a/an+adj.+单数名词
注意冠词位置。
She is so good a girl.
=She is such a good girl.
她是那么好的女孩。
That is so old a house.
= That is such an old house.
那是一栋如此古老的房子。
13.together [tə'ɡeðə(r)] adv.在一起;
共同
◆修饰行为动词及其短语,置于其后。
act together共同行动
live together一起生活
play together一起玩耍
spend time together共度时光
work together一起工作
go home together 一起回家
get together 聚在一起;相聚
Let's go home together.
咱们一起回家吧。
Every weekend they get together
to have a big meal.
每周末他们聚在一起吃一顿大餐。
◆A together with B 与…一样
如果此短语出现在主语后面,谓语动
词的人称和 数只能和A保持一致,与
B无关。
Tom,together with his mother is
cooking in the kitchen.
汤姆和他妈妈正在厨房做饭。
14.die [daɪ] v.消失;灭亡 ;死亡
◆ Old habits die hard.旧习难改。
此句为英语中的一句谚语。
◆ die是短暂性动词,不能和时间段
连用。常用于过 去时中,过去式为
died。
Plants and people will die without
water.
没有水,植物和人都会死。
His grandfather died in 1990.
他的祖父1990年去世。
【拓展】die v.→ dead adj.→death
n.→dying adj.
①dead adj. 死的
作表语,定语。
be dead 能与时间段连用。
He has been dead for ten years.
他死了10年了。
She looked at her dead dog sadly.
伤心地看着她死去的猫狗。
② dying adj. 将死的
This is a dying dog.
这是一只垂死的狗。
The doctors have saved the dying
man.
医生们救活了那个垂死的人。
③death n.死亡
The accident has caused a lot of
deaths.
那次事故造成很多人死亡。
He gave up studying after his
father's death.
◆the death of… 的死
He won't forget the death of his
dog. 他不会忘记他的狗死了。
15.writer ['raɪtə(r)] n.作者;作家
①英语中,很多“动词+er”,变成名
词,即执行这个动作的人,如:
teach(v.教)→teacher(n.教师)
work (v.工作)→worker(n.工人)
cleaner清洁工; famer农民;
singer 歌手;reader 读者;
listener 听者;speaker 演讲者,说话的人;
climber 攀登者; painter 画家;
killer杀手; murderer谋杀犯;
thinker 思想家
②以e结尾的动词,只加r,变成执行这
个动作的人,如:
write (v.写)→writer (n.作者,作家,写
字的人)
driver 司机 ;dancer 舞者;organizer
组织者 ;maker生产者,制订者
③ 双写词尾辅音字母,再加er,变成执
行这个动作的人,如:
winner 获胜者; runner 跑步者
④但是有些动词+er,变成的名词是表
示某事物。
◆ cooker n.“ 厨具”;“厨师”是
cook。
◆drawer n. “抽屉”;“画家”是
painter,artist。
◆laughter n.“笑,笑声”;不是
“发出笑声的人”。
◆bread maker“ 面包机”,不是
“烤面包的人”。
◆CD player CD “播放机”,
player有两个中文意思:队员;播
放机。
16.dentist ['dentɪst] n.牙科医生
cn. pl. dentists
see a dentist 看牙医
go to the dentist 去看牙医
17.magazine ['mæɡəziːn] n.杂志;
期刊
cn. pl. magazines
在书/杂志上,指书上的内容时,
用in。
in the magazine在杂志上
in the notebook 在笔记本上
in the textbook 在教材中
in the book 在书中
18.however [haʊ'evə(r)] adv.然而;
不过
【辨析】however和 but “可是,
但是”
意思相同,用法不同。
however比but用的场合更正式, 因
此however 用于书面语,而but 常用
于口语。
①however 是副词,不是连词,不能
直接连接两 个分句,必须另起新句,
并用逗号隔开。位置灵活:句首、句
中、句尾。
He is poor now.However,when he
was young he is rich in this town.
他是一个穷人。 然而,他在年轻的时
候在这个小镇很富有。
Money, however, is not everything.
然而,金钱并不是一切。
There is a big problem, however.
然而,有一个大问题。
②but是并列连词,连接两个互相对
比的并列分句,一般后面不用逗号
He likes coffee, but I really don't
like it.
他喜欢咖啡,但是我实在是不喜欢。
③另外, however还有“无论怎样,不
管如何”之意。but有“除了”之意。
However hard I worked, she was
never unhappy.
无论我多么努力地工作,她从来没
满意过。
There is nothing but a card in the
box.
盒子里除了一张卡片什么也没有。
19.than [ðən] conj.(用以引出比较的
第二部分) 比
◆用于比较级句型。
You are taller than him. 你比他高。
◆用于短语。
more than多于
less than 少于
more than/less than+ 基数词+复数名
词
more than/less than six days
20.almost ['ɔːlməʊst] adv.几乎;差
不多
①almost是常用的程度副词,可修饰动
词、形容词、副词、名词、代词、数
词或介词等。
②almost常置于被修饰词之前。修饰
动词时一般 置于主要动词之前,但要
放在系动词、助动词和 情态动词之
后。almost不能置于句末。
He waited for you for almost two
hours. 他等了你差不多两个小时。
I almost believe him.
我差点儿相信了他发。
He is almost eighty.
他将近80岁了。
③almost可与no, none, nobody,
nothing, never等否定词连用.
◆almost no one
Almost no one believed him.
几乎没人相信他的话。
④almost 常与every,any连用。
almost every day
almost everyone
almost every one
almost everything
almost anyone
Almost every family has a computer.
几乎每个家庭都有一台电脑。
21.none [nʌn] pron.没有一个;毫无
【辨析】none和 no one
①none既指人也指物,反义词是all;
而no one 只可指人。
②none 指代复数名词或代词宾格复数
作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可
用复数,多用单数。none指代不可数
名词时,谓语动词只可用 单数。
而no one作主语时,谓语动词只能用单
数形式。
③none与of连用
后接名词复数、不可数名词或代词宾
格复数. 而no one不能与of连用。
none of+us/you/them
none of+限制词+un.
none of+限制词+cn.
None of us is/are late.
None of the students has/have a
computer.
None of the money is mine.
④none用来回答how many +n., how
much +n. 以及含any+n. 的疑问句;
而no one可回答who及含anyone,
anybody的疑问句。
A: How many books are there on the
desk?
B: None.
桌子上有几本书?一本也没有。
A:Who is in that room?
B:No one. 谁在房间里?没有人。
【拓展】nobody
① nobody不定代词,“没有人”
nobody=no one
◆no one 更正式,nobody 口语中
◆两者均只能指人,不指物。
◆其后不接of短语。
◆作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
◆用来回答who,及含anyone,anybody
的疑问句。
No one/Nobody likes him。
没人喜欢他。
I knew nobody at the party.
在聚会上,我一个人都不认识。
No one/Nobody knows.
谁也不知道。
—Who is in the classroom?
—No one/Nobody.
—Is there anyone in the room?
—No one/Nobody.
◆ nobody=not…anybody
I know nobody here.
=I don't know anybody here.
我在这儿谁也不认识。
② nobody cn.小人物 pl. nobodies
They aren't afraid of a nobody like
you.
他们不害怕想你这样的小人物。
Only a few nobodies went to the
meeting.
只有几个无名小卒参加了会议。
22.less [les] adj.较少;较小
little的比较级、最高级:less least
◆less +un.
He has less free time than me.
◆less than少于
less than+ 基数词+可数名词
less than two hours
23.point [pɔɪnt] n.得分;点 v. 指;
指向
①point n.得分 cn. pl. points
◆ get 90 points 得90分
②point [pɔɪnt] n.点
◆指小数点,用单数形式。
4.23 读作 four point two three
23.4 读作 twenty-three point four
◆指要点
language points 语言点
important points 重点
difficult points 难点
③ point v. 指;指向
◆point at 指着
指向离说话人较近的事物,at是介词,
着重于指的对象.
Don't point at others with your
finger while talking .
说话时不要用手指着别人。
◆point to 指向
多指向离说话人较远的事物,to是介词,
着重于指的方向.
He pointed to the trees on the hill
and said,“They were planted two
years ago.”
他指着山上的树说:“两年前种的。”
注意:一般情况下point at和point
to可互换。
The teacher is pointing at/to the
map on the wall.
老师正指着墙上的地图。
但事物名词作主语时,用point to要常
见些.
Both the hour hand and the
minute hand point to twelve.It
was noon.
时针和分针都指向十二点,那是
中午。
◆point out 指出
The teacher pointed out many
mistakes in my homework.
老师指出我作业里的许多错误。
Claire 克莱尔
Sue 苏
American Teenager 《美国青少年》